High-yield fertilization techniques for winter wheat

Wheat is an important food crop in China, of which winter wheat accounts for more than 80% of wheat sown area. Winter wheat needs more fertilizer. For every 50 kilograms of wheat produced, it needs to absorb 1.4-1.6 kg of nitrogen, 0.5-0.75 kg of phosphorus and 1.5-2 kg of potassium. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is about 1:0.33:1, depending on the cultivation. Variety, soil, climate and other conditions vary. According to the analysis of wheat plants, 412 kilograms per gram of winter wheat grows from the time of emergence, tillering, to the joint absorption of nitrogen after winter, accounting for about 40% of the total growth period. Phosphorus and potassium account for 20% of the total. From jointing to The flowering period absorbed about 48% of the total nitrogen, 67% of the total phosphorus, and 65% of the total potassium.

At present, it is about to enter the wheat sowing period. According to the cultivation characteristics of winter wheat, the characteristics of required fertilizer, and the actual conditions of agricultural production, the author suggests that the farmer friends do the following three points to increase production.

Increase the amount of base fertilizer

Appropriate amount of nitrogen nutrition and P and K fertilizers at seedling stage can make wheat seedlings grow early and have a certain number of healthy tillers before winter, and lay the foundation for growth, spike, grain increase and weight gain after spring. The amount of basic fertilizer accounted for about 60% to 70% of the total amount of fertilizer, and the general quality of organic fertilizer was 2000kg. According to the laws of wheat fertilizer, the high-fertilizer plots should apply 4-7 kg of urea or 23-28 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 15-17 kg of ammonium phosphate, and 12-17 kg of potassium chloride per mu. Fertilizer 50 kg or 40% wheat special fertilizer 50 kg. The middle and low-yield plots should be applied with 2 to 5 kg of urea or 5 to 12 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 18 to 22 kg of diammonium phosphate, 9 to 12 kg of potassium chloride per mu, and 45% of compound fertilizer or 40% of wheat can also be used. Fertilizer 40 ~ 50 kg, or 36% potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer 50 kg. Zinc-deficient blocks can be combined with two kilograms of zinc sulfate. If it is saline on the ground wheat should not be applied potassium chloride, need to change the application of potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate. If compound fertilizer is applied, it is calculated according to the amount of N, P, N, K, or N, P, and K contained in the fertilizer. In wheat fields with high fertility or using high-quality farmyard fertilizer as base fertilizer, the base fertilizer may not be applied with nitrogen fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer may be used as topdressing fertilizer. For late wheat cultivars with late buckwheat or wheat with insufficient base fertilizer, 5 kg of ammonium sulfate or 2.5 kg of urea can be used as seed fertilizer per acre for sowing, but ammonium bicarbonate is easily volatilized and used as a seed fertilizer.

Appropriate use of seed fertilizer

Fertilizer application is the most economical and effective fertilization method. Generally, 2 to 3 kilograms of urea per mu, or 8 to 10 kilograms of superphosphate, and about 10 kilograms of compound fertilizer can be used. Fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, but also can be used for seed dressing. When used as a basal fertilizer, it is difficult to spread evenly because of its small amount, and it can be mixed with fine soil and sprinkled on the surface to follow the soil. When zinc and manganese fertilizers are used for seed dressing, 2 to 6 g of zinc sulfate and 0.5 to 1 g of manganese sulfate per kilogram of seeds are used, and seeded immediately after seed dressing.

Timely top-dressing for high yield

Coinciding with top-dressing is an important measure to obtain high yield in wheat. There are two types of top-dressing: one is soil topdressing, which is a more traditional top dressing method. The chase fertilizer is generally used to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer. The time for topdressing is generally at the jointing stage. The amount of top dressing depends on the seedling condition. The wheat has more tillers, the seedlings are good, and the growth is strong. It should be applied late and the application amount should be reduced. After the application of 15-20 kg of urea or ammonium bicarbonate 40-50 kg. Wheat has fewer tillers, poor seedlings, and weak growth conditions. Appropriate early application should be implemented and the dosage should be increased. After returning green, 20-25 kg of urea or 50-70 kg of ammonium hydroxide can be applied per acre. However, for soils with poor fertility, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should not be too large. It is advisable to apply 15 to 17 kilograms of urea per acre, which should not be too late. However, when the base fertilizer is not applied with phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and phosphorus and potassium are insufficient in the soil supply, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer should be topdressed appropriately. For high-yield fields with insufficient potassium, 150 kg of plant ash can also be applied before winter. For wheat fields with sufficient fertilizer, avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, and the top dressing time should not be too late. Otherwise, it may cause late-maturing glutinous rice, resulting in reduced yield. The other is the extra-root spray, which is an effective fertilization method to supplement the nutritional deficiency of wheat in the later period. Because of the inconvenience of topdressing in the late wheat field, the absorption capacity of the root system is gradually reduced as the growing period progresses. Therefore, if the fertigation material must be traced later in wheat growth, foliar spraying may be used, which is also an emergency measure to increase wheat yield. In the later stage of wheat growth, the application of foliar fertilizer should be carried out according to the situation. At this time, the northern wheat area is often affected by the dry hot wind and the production is reduced. If 0.2% concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (spraying 50 kg of fertilizer per acre, using about 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, about 100 grams) will be sprayed 1 or 2 times at the heading flowering stage. The interval time is 10 days and a half months, which can promote wheat production. Grouting is sturdy and mitigates the dangers of dry hot wind, thus ensuring the high yield and quality of wheat.

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