Fertilizer utilization in China has a big gap compared with developed countries. Fertilizer utilization remains to be improved
Fan Xiaojian made the above statement at the seminar of "Scientific Fertilizer and Fertilizer Enterprises" held by the Ministry of Agriculture. He said that in 2004 China's fertilizer application amounted to 46.37 million tons, becoming the world's largest fertilizer consumer. However, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in China is not high, and five factors are constraining the scientific fertilization system in China:
High production costs and high energy consumption. China's fertilizer production enterprises are small in scale and have low industrial concentration. More than 20% of the more than 2,500 companies that have obtained a permit for the production of compound fertilizers are small enterprises with an annual output of 20,000 tons or less.
Fertilizer species structure is not reasonable. In 2004, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in China's chemical fertilizer production was 1:0.30:0.06. Nitrogen fertilizer can already be self-sufficient, and phosphate fertilizer basically meets domestic demand. Due to resource constraints, potassium fertilizer has a small national output and cannot meet demand. The ratio of NPK is not sufficient for agriculture. Production requirements. In addition, despite the rapid development of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers, the current production capacity has exceeded 10 million tons, but it is still dominated by general-purpose compound fertilizers. There are few formulas for different soils and crops, and the nutrient ratio is not reasonable.
The fertilizer market lacks effective control measures. In recent years, the country has adopted a series of policy measures to encourage and support the development of the fertilizer industry. However, since last year, the significant increase in the price of fertilizers in China has offset the benefits provided by the state's "two reductions and exemptions, and three subsidies" benefit agriculture policy to farmers, which has dampened farmers' enthusiasm for grain production and seriously affected grain production and farmers' income.
Fertilizer use is unreasonable. In the concept of fertilization, there are generally "three heavy and three light" phenomena of heavy chemical fertilizer, light organic fertilizer, diazonium phosphate fertilizer, light potassium fertilizer, heavy heavy element fertilizer, light and trace element fertilizer. In fertilization methods, the phenomenon of appearance and spread is more common. In terms of the amount of application, there is an imbalance between regions and between crops. Farmers do not understand the soil they are cultivating and the crop's demand for nutrients. Blind fertilization and excessive fertilization are serious.
Fertilizer management lacks legal protection. China is the world's largest consumer of fertilizers. At present, due to the imperfect product access system for fertilizer management, the lack of legal basis for regulating fertilizer sales, and the lack of strict regulations on the use of fertilizers, the order of the fertilizer market is chaotic, and counterfeit and inferior products flood the market. The use of various names to deceive consumers is more common.
Fan Xiaojian said that scientific fertilization will not only affect agricultural production and farmers' income, but also have a major impact on the development of the fertilizer industry. In the new scientific fertilization system, enterprises must play a leading role. Through industrialization methods, through the cooperation of enterprises and promotion departments, companies should formulate their products into products. Fertilizer sales companies must not only ensure the quality of the fertilizer sold, but also impart the application technology to end users. Fertilizer companies should also strengthen technological innovation and innovation, improve their technological level, comply with national laws and regulations, and ensure the quality of fertilizer products.