Demystify why domestic mainstream companies push lightweight heavy trucks
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In recent years, China's heavy-duty truck industry has created a lightening boom, and mainstream companies have launched lightweight heavy trucks. As a new thing, lightweight heavy trucks have caused various concerns as well as various opinions. What is the background of lightweighting of heavy trucks? What will happen to the industry? What are the technical measures adopted by domestic lightweight heavy trucks? What is the difference compared with foreign countries? From this issue, the newspaper launched a series of reports to reveal the weight reduction of heavy trucks for readers from various angles.
Is your heavy truck company launching a lightweight model?
No? You are embarrassed to say hello to your peers!
Recently, lightweighting has become the hottest and most fashionable word in the domestic heavy truck market. China National Heavy Duty Truck, Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle, FAW Jiefang, Shaanxi Automobile, SAIC Iveco Hongyan, Dongfeng Liuqi, Futian Auman... Heavy truck mainstream companies are actively promoting the development and listing of lightweight vehicles.
External Causes: Powerful Super and Weight-Based Charges “Forced†Users Preoccupied
This situation was unthinkable a few years ago. At that time, when many heavy-duty truck users bought a car, they were either too thin or too thin. They were not too clingy and could not wait to buy back a shovel. They could use it safely when overloaded. If it is not the power to supervise overloading, if it is not the case that most provinces have implemented weight-based tolls, how can the heavy weight of heavy trucks become a major concern for users?
Since overloading is already a dead end, weight-based charges have forced everyone to care less, and heavy-duty users can only increase their traffic by purchasing vehicles with lower weight from their own important benefits to ensure the overall efficiency.
In general, every 10% reduction in the weight of a car will reduce fuel consumption by about 8%. This is undoubtedly very attractive to truck users who are struggling to survive in the era of high oil prices. If the vehicle's own weight is reduced by 0.8 tons, it can be loaded with 0.8 tons of cargo. Calculating according to an annual freight of 200,000 kilometers and an average freight rate of 0.28 yuan per kilometre, a lightweight heavy truck can increase its income by 40,000 yuan compared to the average vehicle with the same load. . Users are profitable and companies naturally participate actively.
Internal factors: Enterprises actively avoid repeated homogenous competition in high-end markets
The management of overloading and toll-by-weight charges are only external factors that promote the development of domestic heavy trucks in the direction of lighter weight. The internal factors that really promote the upgrading of products and technologies and the lighter improvement of enterprises are even more worthy of attention.
After experiencing the long development process of Steyr platform dominating the world, China's heavy-duty truck industry has embarked on the road of differentiated competition. Domestic major heavy-duty truck companies have launched high-end heavy trucks on the basis of the original products, and will make the overall technical level of domestic heavy trucks. Pushed a new level. So far, the domestic mainstream heavy truck companies basically have a relatively long product line from low-end to high-end, domestic heavy trucks have initially completed the transition from low-end products to high-end products.
In the process of gradual upgrading of heavy-duty truck products in China, the market has also put forward higher requirements for enterprises. Different segmented markets need more targeted models to adapt to, and the era of relying on a few products to eat the entire market has already gone. Come back. In this context, lightweight vehicles have become an opportunity for heavy truck companies to subdivide high-end markets. In order not to repeat the past homogenization competition in the high-end market, the development of lightweight vehicles with unique adaptability has become the internal needs of the company's development.
It should be pointed out that at present, most of the lightweight heavy trucks launched by domestic companies still have a certain gap from the high-end heavy trucks abroad in terms of core technology content. The practice of domestic companies adopting parallel lightweight products outside the existing mainstream products is fundamentally different from the practice of reducing the weight of the entire product line during the upgrade process. The former is achieved through the optimization and improvement of existing models, and many lightweight heavy trucks can only be regarded as a simplified version of the existing models. The latter starts from the basic design and covers the entire generation of products with a lightweight concept, which is an overall upgrade without sacrificing any performance of the vehicle.
Relevant data show that due to the reduced carrying capacity, many domestic lightweight heavy trucks can no longer adapt to the traditional car environment with high intensity overload and long-term driving under bad road conditions. They can only work within the nominal load range, and on better-conditioned roads, they are more suitable for transporting lightweight, high-value goods. For specific vehicles with a single use and limited maximum load, the same lightweight technology route can also be adopted. Many cases have shown that if users do not pay attention and are still overloaded, they will cause severe damage to lightweight heavy trucks.
The main reason for the gap between domestic lightweight heavy trucks and foreign heavy trucks is that the technical content of products is limited.
Throughout the current domestic commonly used heavy truck lightweight technology means, such as replacing the aluminum alloy tank, using a small leaf spring or rubber suspension, the bias tires for radial tires, twin tires to change a single tire, etc., most stay in relatively simple parts replacement And the use of lightweight materials. These parts, which make great contributions to the weight reduction of domestic heavy trucks, are mostly purchased directly from suppliers, and they have not adopted any new and high technologies. However, they have not been widely used because of factors such as price/performance ratio. Since these lightweight components come from suppliers, it is very difficult for heavy-duty truck companies to form a unique competitive advantage by reducing vehicle weight. It will soon be copied and copied by competitors and lose their comparative advantages.
Replacing the drive axle with a steering axle and changing the double-layer beam to a single-layer beam is also a commonly used technical measure for domestic lightweight heavy trucks. Using these methods, although heavy-duty truck companies can master certain core technologies, due to the limitation of the technical level of domestic metal materials, it is not only that the weight loss is limited, but also that the weight-bearing capacity of the vehicle is greatly reduced. Compared with foreign countries in product upgrading, starting from the basic design, through optimizing the structure and the rational use of new materials, new technologies, compared to the overall lightweight achieved without reducing the carrying capacity, domestic lightweight heavy trucks still have a small gap .