At present, China's mainstream new energy vehicles mainly use power batteries with positive electrode materials of lithium iron phosphate or ternary materials, and both have advantages in the fields of new energy buses and passenger vehicles.

Is lithium titanate battery superior to lithium iron phosphate and ternary battery? This starts with the performance of the three batteries. It is well known that the performance of lithium batteries is mainly determined by the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the electrolyte and the separator. The positive and negative materials have important influences on the key parameters of the battery, such as capacity, energy density, cycle life, safety, rate performance and cost.

Despite the use of ternary as the positive electrode material, the lithium titanate battery breaks the traditional battery technology route with graphene as the negative electrode, and changes to lithium titanate as the negative electrode material, which makes it a heterogeneous in the eyes of the peers. But it is the characteristics of lithium titanate itself that makes the battery of this material have remarkable characteristics.

Taking lithium iron phosphate-graphene, ternary-graphene and ternary-lithium titanate lithium batteries as examples, lithium titanate batteries are inferior in terms of energy density alone. Northeast Securities (000686, shares it) research report pointed out that the current specific energy of lithium iron phosphate battery is 100-120Wh / kg, ternary battery is 150-200Wh / kg, which Tesla uses nickel-cobalt aluminum ternary battery It is 252Wh/kg, while the Yinlong lithium titanate battery is only 90Wh/kg, which is only half of some graphite anode materials.

From the cost point of view, lithium titanate battery has no advantage. At present, the raw materials of Yinlong lithium titanate battery include titanium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide, which are more expensive than graphite anode materials. According to the research results of China Battery Network , the current cost of lithium iron phosphate and ternary batteries is 1100 yuan/kwh-1200 yuan/kwh, while the cost of lithium titanate batteries is about 2-3 times that of ternary batteries.

The energy density is doubled and the cost is 2-3 times higher. How does the lithium titanate battery participate in the market competition? Obviously, it is its own unique advantage that has touched some people in the industry.

First, lithium titanate stands out from the most important safety indicators of the battery.

When the lithium titanate is used as the negative electrode material, the potential platform is as high as 1.55V, which is more than 1V higher than the conventional graphite negative electrode material. Although some energy density is lost, it means that the battery is safer. Lu Lu, a technical expert, once said that the battery needs to be low when the battery is rapidly charged. However, if it is too low, the lithium battery will easily precipitate very active metal lithium. This lithium ion is not only conductive but also reacts with the electrolyte. Releases heat, produces flammable gases, and causes a fire. The lithium titanate avoids the precipitation of lithium ions because the high voltage of 1V avoids the negative voltage of 0, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery.

Since the lithium titanate battery can be safely used in both high temperature and low temperature environments, it also shows its important advantages of wide temperature resistance (especially low temperature resistance). At present, the safe working temperature range of the Yinlong lithium titanate battery is between -50 degrees and 65 degrees, while the ordinary graphite-based negative battery begins to attenuate when the temperature is lower than -20 degrees, and the charging capacity is only -30 degrees. 14% of the total charge capacity does not work properly in cold weather.

In addition, since the lithium titanate battery is only 1% volume change even if it is overcharged, it is called a zero strain material, which makes it have an extremely long life. Wei Yincang, chairman of Yinlong, once said that the life of Yinlong lithium titanate battery can reach 30 years, which is equivalent to the service life of ordinary automobiles. The average life of ordinary graphite anode material battery is only 3-4 years. Lithium titanate batteries are less expensive from a life cycle perspective.

The last advantage of lithium titanate is its fast charge and discharge capability and high charge rate. At present, the charging rate of Yinlong lithium titanate battery is 10C or even 20C, while the battery charging magnification of ordinary graphite anode material is only 2C-4C.

Based on these technical characteristics of lithium titanate batteries, the industry believes that it meets the needs of new energy buses and large-scale energy storage equipment. Take the bus, the general single-mile mileage does not exceed 40 kilometers, and it takes at least a few minutes for each terminal to wait for the next departure time. At this time, the disadvantage of low energy density of the lithium titanate battery does not affect the use of the passenger car, but reflects the benefits of fast charging of the battery. As a public transport, buses place higher demands on the safety and durability of batteries.

On May 2, six new energy buses equipped with lithium titanate batteries entered the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology's “Recommended Models for New Energy Vehicle Promotion and Application” (fourth batch in 2017), which means the official recognition of the maturity of this battery technology. With the late subsidies in place, the price of lithium titanate electric buses will also decline, and it is expected to continue to drive sales in the future. In the face of the huge new energy bus market, lithium titanate enterprises began to expand production.

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