The most commonly used CNC machine maintenance equipment introduction
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First, vibration measuring instruments
The vibrometer is the most commonly used and the most basic instrument in vibration detection. It amplifies, transforms, integrates, and detects the weak signal output by the vibrometer, and directly displays the vibration value of the device under test on the instrument or display. In order to meet the requirements of on-site testing, the vibrometer is generally made into a portable and pen vibrometer. The appearance of the vibrometer is shown in Figure 1-18.
The vibrometer is used to measure the running status of the spindle of the CNC machine tool, the running status of the motor, and even the running condition of the whole machine. It can be based on the parameters, vibration frequency and dynamic range to be measured, the installation condition of the sensor, and the bearing type of the machine tool (rolling bearing Or sliding bearings) and other factors, choose different types of sensors. Commonly used sensors include eddy current displacement sensors, magnetoelectric speed sensors, and piezoelectric acceleration sensors. Also effective, these dedicated
Currently used vibrometers include TK-81 from Bentley, VIBROMETER-20 from Schenck, VM-63 from RI-0N, and some domestic instruments.
The standard for judging vibration measurement is, in general, the absolute judgment standard that is most convenient for use in the field. It is developed for various typical objects, such as the international common standards ISO2372 and ISO3945.
Relative judgment criteria apply to the same equipment. When the change in vibration value reaches 4dB, the device state can be considered to have changed. Therefore, for the low-frequency vibration, the measured value is usually 1.5 to 2 times the original value as the attention area, and about 4 times as the abnormal area; for the high-frequency vibration, the original value is set as the attention area 3 times, about 6 times. It is an abnormal area. Practice shows that the method to evaluate the status of machines is more accurate and reliable.
Second, infrared thermometer
Infrared temperature measurement uses the principle of infrared radiation to convert the measurement of the surface temperature of an object into a measurement of its radiation power. An infrared detector and a corresponding optical system are used to receive invisible infrared radiation energy of the object to be measured and turn it into The other energy forms that are easy to detect are displayed and recorded. The shape of the infrared thermometer is shown in Figure 1-19.
According to the different response forms of infrared radiation, there are two types of photoelectric detectors and thermal detectors. Infrared thermometers are used to detect parts that are easily heated by CNC machine tools, such as power modules, wire contacts, and spindle bearings. The main manufacturers include the HcW series from China Kunming Institute of Physics, the HCW-1 and HCW-2 from Northwest China Optical Instrument Factory, the IR series from Shenzhen Jiangyangguang, and the CYCLOPS and SOLD types from LAND.
Instruments that use infrared principle to measure temperature include infrared thermal television, optical scanning thermal imager and focal plane thermal imager. The diagnostics of infrared diagnosis include temperature judgment method, similar comparison method, file analysis method, relative temperature difference method, and thermal imaging anomaly method.
Three, laser interferometer
The laser interferometer can perform high-precision (position and geometric) accuracy correction on machine tools, three measuring machines and various positioning devices, and can complete the measurement of various parameters, such as linear position accuracy, repeat positioning accuracy, angle, straightness, and vertical Degree, parallelism and flatness. Second, it also has some optional features, such as automatic pitch error compensation (for most control systems), machine tool dynamics measurement and evaluation, rotary coordinate indexing accuracy calibration, and trigger pulse input and output functions.