Metric and imperial conversion tables (for valves)

Here is a well-structured and improved version of the original content, rewritten in English to enhance clarity, readability, and flow. The text has been expanded where necessary to meet the 500-character requirement and to make it appear more natural as if written by a human: --- **Conversion Tables and Units of Measurement** This document provides comprehensive conversion tables and unit conversion formulas for various engineering and industrial applications. It includes conversions for length, mass, temperature, area, volume, pressure, flow rate, power, energy, and torque. ### **Length Conversions** | Nominal Size (Inch) | mm | DN | |----------------------|----|----| | 1/8 | 4 | 6 | | 1/4 | 6 | 10 | | 3/8 | 10 | 15 | | 1/2 | 15 | 20 | | 3/4 | 20 | 25 | | 1 | 25 | 32 | | 1 1/4 | 32 | 40 | | 1 1/2 | 40 | 50 | | 2 | 50 | 65 | | 2 1/2 | 65 | 80 | | Inches | cm | Feet | m | |--------|------|------|------| | 1/8 | 0.317| 0.01 | 0.003| | 1/4 | 0.635| 0.02 | 0.006| | 1/2 | 1.27 | 0.04 | 0.013| | 1 | 2.54 | 0.08 | 0.025| | 2 | 5.08 | 0.17 | 0.051| ### **Mass Conversions** | Unit | Conversion Factor | |------------|---------------------------| | Ounce (oz) | 28.35 grams | | Pound (lb) | 0.4536 kilograms | | Gram (g) | 0.03527 ounces | | Kilogram (kg)| 2.205 pounds | ### **Temperature Conversions** - **Fahrenheit to Celsius**: $ C = \frac{(F - 32) \times 5}{9} $ - **Celsius to Fahrenheit**: $ F = (C \times \frac{9}{5}) + 32 $ ### **Area Conversions** | Unit | Conversion Factor | |-------------|---------------------------| | Square Inch | 6.45 square centimeters | | Square Foot | 0.0929 square meters | | Square Centimeter | 0.155 square inches | ### **Volume Conversions** | Unit | Conversion Factor | |--------------|--------------------------------| | Fluid Ounce | 29.5625 milliliters | | Quart | 0.946 liters | | Gallon | 3.785 liters | | Cubic Foot | 0.0283 cubic meters | | Cubic Meter | 35.34 cubic feet | ### **Pressure Conversions** | Unit | Conversion Factor | |----------------|-----------------------------------| | PSI | 0.069 bar | | KPa | 0.145 psi | | Bar | 14.5 psi | | kg/cm² | 14.22 psi | | Atmosphere | 14.7 psi | ### **Flow Rate Conversions** | Unit | Conversion Factor | |-------------------|---------------------------------------| | Cubic Feet/Min | 62.43 lbs/min (water) | | Cubic Feet/Sec | 448.831 gallons/min | | m³/hr | 4.403 US GPM | ### **Power Conversions** | Unit | Conversion Factor | |----------------|----------------------------------------| | Horsepower | 33,000 ft-lb/min | | Watt | 745.7 watts | | BTU/hr | 4.6263 BTU/hr | | Kilowatt | 1.341 horsepower | ### **Energy Conversions** | Unit | Conversion Factor | |----------------|----------------------------------------| | British Thermal Unit (BTU) | 778.3 foot-pounds | | kWh | 3413 BTU | ### **Torque Conversions** | Unit | Conversion Factor | |------------------|----------------------------------------| | Newton-meter (Nm)| 10.2 kg·cm | | Nm | 8.8585 lb·in | ### **Nominal Pressure and ASME Class Cross-Reference** | ASME Class | MPa | PN | |------------|-----------|-----------| | 1500 | 10.0 MPa | PN100 | | 2500 | 15.0 MPa | PN150 | | ... | ... | ... | This table shows the relationship between ASME pressure classes and nominal pressure ratings (PN). For example: - **ASME Class 150** corresponds to **PN6**, **PN10**, or **PN16** depending on the application. - **ASME Class 600** corresponds to **PN40**, **PN50**, or **PN63**. These conversions are essential for engineers, technicians, and professionals working with international standards and systems that use different units of measurement. --- Let me know if you'd like this formatted into a downloadable file or further customized.

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