Beijing "old age drift" survey

In the crowd at the entrance to the school, they called their children's nicknames with strong accent; in crowds of people doing the morning exercise, they pushed the baby carriages to stand by and watched; in the beautiful but empty big house, they waited alone for a busy time. The return of children... In Beijing, such old people can be seen everywhere, even with their own title - “old age drifting.” For children and grandchildren, they “float” from the countryside and the countryside to the city, and leave their hometowns in their old age, in the affection of their children and grandchildren. It is hard to melt into the life of the city because it is intertwined with strong nostalgia. The reporter heard two elderly people drifting in Beijing to tell their stories and the sorrow and joy of this group.

Liu Yuxiu, 71 years old

Heilongjiang came to Beijing for 6 years to live with her daughter-in-law

For the children themselves willing to be "nanny"

This year, 71-year-old Aunt Liu is an old man who has met a large family. When she chats with reporters, she will always be proud to mention that she once lived in a famous university city in the USA for three years. Admitting that in the past three years, there was basically no community where he lived. "I didn't see the western landscape and I was busy with my children all day."

Aunt Liu's daughter-in-law took a university from a small town in the northeast with excellent academic achievement, and both went to study abroad in the USA. During her school days, her daughter became pregnant. Both husbands and wives were busy with their studies and had no time to take care of the children. It took great effort. An old man who has never been to a small town in his life has received the USA.

“At that time, my daughter-in-law wanted to take a doctoral exam. We often had to learn the middle of the night. Our old couple both packaged their children’s affairs, fearing that the children cried and quarreled with their parents and affecting their reading...” and other women’s sons took a degree. The children are almost three years old. They decided to go back to the country. The two elderly people drifted back to Beijing with their children.

Since the daughter-in-laws are all executives of foreign companies and are rich in income, the elderly live in a very high-end community. However, their extremely simple clothing and hukou accent seem to be out of tune with the community atmosphere. Even security guards recognize Aunt Liu as a “nanny”. The old man doesn't mind: "What's the work of the nanny?"

Now the grandson is 9 years old, and my grandfather is responsible for picking up and going to school every day. Aunt Liu cleaned up at home, washed her clothes, and then her husband and I went to the vegetable market to buy food and go home to cook. Her daughter was afraid she was too hard and she always wanted to ask a nanny to help. The honest old man refused. “Why spend that money, we have done all these things, and we can't make it anymore. Please look!” Watching the grandson grow up, The daughter-in-law has a successful career. The old man feels "hard but happy."

For the cause of children, changing or even sacrificing their own lives is a common choice for many "old age drifts." A few days ago, an online survey conducted by the China Youth Daily Social Survey Center on this phenomenon showed that 83.2% of the three main causes of “float” were “helping children with children”, followed by “living children’s lives” (61.0% ), 43.2% of people think it is "missing children."

Some sociologists believe that the phenomenon of “old age drifting” is an inevitable outcome of social development. With the increase of the mobility of the social population, many children have received their parents around after they have established a family in the field. For their children, they are “ Dedication to filial piety is for the elderly to “get in,” and in the future, the “old age drift” family will continue to grow. The contradictions and problems that reporters mentioned in the interview made the old people feel less happy.

The reporter learned that some communities in Beijing have started to pay attention to these elderly people who drift in foreign lands. Xicheng District New Culture Street Community Committee staff told reporters that they regularly organize all the elderly in the community, including the elderly to participate in aerobics, singing, go out to visit and other activities. Old people are all involved and what can be taken care of. The community has also set up a group for the elderly to go deep into the family to provide assistance. It can solve the actual difficulties encountered by the elderly and, secondly, maintain the connection between the elderly and the community and promote mutual exchanges. Through these activities, some old people in the outside world have well integrated into the community. The local old people also accepted them with an open mind.

“Old age drifting” is a group that waits for care, the company’s companionship and care, policy adjustment and implementation, community help and attention, and the goodwill and acceptance of the surrounding people will make these elderly people happy.

Reporter's notes

Let the old people "float" to be happy

Among the parents who pick up children every day at the entrance to the school, Grandpa Lin is a quiet man who only silently took the bag from his grandson's shoulders and walked home. The reporter tried to talk with Uncle Lin and found that his Hunan accent was very heavy. To understand it took a lot of effort, this was probably why he did not speak.

After talking a few times and gradually getting acquainted, Lin uncle talked to reporters about what he bothered about: Since last fall, the old man has always felt that he has no energy, can't eat, can't sleep, but he has never said anything with his son and daughter-in-law. . “They are busy with work and do not want to distract them.” After the Spring Festival this year, the old man suddenly collapsed at home and was diagnosed with diabetes after being taken to the hospital by ambulance. After a period of treatment, the condition has basically stabilized. It can cost two or three thousand yuan a month to fight insulin. This money has become a heart disease for the elderly.

Uncle Lin’s son is in a state-owned enterprise. His daughter-in-law is a middle-income person in a private company in Beijing. However, he has to pay back the mortgage and have to take care of the children. The burden is not too light. “I had originally given them a helping hand, and I now add a burden. The medical expenses in Beijing The medical insurance of his hometown can not be reimbursed.” In the seven years in Beijing, the old people had a hard time with a few headaches. Because the hospitals in Beijing are too expensive to see a doctor, they must be several hundred dollars to see a cold, but they can be old now. No, it's not going to pass. Uncle Lin is now inquiring about how to transfer the medical insurance of his hometown to Beijing. At the same time, he is still worried that his wife is a rural householder and he does not have medical insurance. If he falls ill, he will also burden the child.

Afraid of seeing a doctor is almost a common mentality of all “old age drifting”, sickness and hardship, and the result is that the disease has accumulated more and more. The reporter dialed the Beijing Labor and Welfare Hotline 12333 and learned that China’s health insurance policy is regional. Each province and municipality has its own policy. In addition to hospitals designated in the local hospitals, doctors in other places generally have to pay for themselves.

For the "elderly drift" population, there is also a way to do medical insurance resettlement procedures in other places, in Beijing to see a doctor back home. But not all places can do it. Only Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanchang, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have similar regulations. Even if it is possible to apply for a medical insurance, the procedure is very tedious, and within a month's time, it will not be able to report for overtime. It is obviously unrealistic for many elderly people drifting away in Beijing to reimburse their medical expenses every three to five years.

According to the survey, 61.6% of the “old age” population are worried about “medical insurance and social security issues”, and 85.3% believe that the government should improve the medical insurance policy and simplify the out-of-home health insurance procedures.

Ill-hardened people are afraid of burdening their children

Lin Yongjiang 70 years old

From Hunan to Beijing for 7 years and his son's daughter-in-law's life

No friends feel depressed when they go out

For Aunt Liu, “there is no way to find someone who can be destitute” is the distress of her life rating for many years. The old man is cheerful and has a lot of friends and family in the past. She missed the liveliness of the New Year in the Northeast, “from the lunar month to the Lantern Festival, it will take more than a month to be tossed before it is finished. The good sisters will live at home and have endless words..." However, from USA to Beijing, living conditions are getting better and better, loneliness and loss are also growing.

The high-grade community they lived in was not easily seen in the daytime. The community club was the place where the owners lived, but when Aunt Liu’s old couple went for a visit, they no longer wanted to go. There are swimming pools, squash halls, cigar bars and billiards rooms in the clubhouse. No one is suitable for the elderly. The staff of the clubhouse is well-dressed and politely entertains them. The old man is uncomfortable and flees away from the clubhouse.

Her daughter was afraid of the elderly being bored at home and advised them to participate in the activities organized by the community. He also specifically called the property two senior citizens. “We were not used to those foreign festivals that they had passed. We had organized a Halloween party in the previous residential property and asked to participate. Everyone must dress up and wear strange clothes. The child is happy. We can't get it.” For the elderly, attending the Christmas party in the community and eating those greasy buffets is better than eating fried noodles at home. . In this community, the elderly cannot find anyone who can talk, and feel depressed when they go out. Only when they went out to buy food every day, they chatted with East Lacey, the northeast villager who set up the stall.

Calling friends and relatives of my hometown is a pleasure for the elderly. “That is a long distance call. It is very expensive and it cannot be played. I look forward to seeing the other side.” Before the annual summer vacation, the old couple can bring their grandsons together. Back home for a month, but as her age grows bigger, Aunt Liu's rheumatoid arthritis has increased, and her mobility has become difficult.

According to a survey conducted by the China Youth Daily, the problem facing the rating of “old age drift” is “narrow social circles and loneliness”. 71.5% of the respondents stated that they have confusion in this area. The Population and Development Research Center of Renmin University of China used it as a research topic. Prof. Jiang Xiangqun, who presided over the project, analyzed that most of the “old people in the North drift” gave up social relations and welfare benefits in their hometowns and faced many problems in adapting to the new environment.

As the son lives in Beijing, the old couple is very "long-faced" in front of friends and family. Everyone knows that they have enjoyed their happiness. Only the old people know that they are always foreigners here. The injustices brought about by the Hukou system make them feel often. is prejudiced".

Although the son and daughter-in-law are very filial and the elderly have no worries, but from time to time there will be some depressing things reminding Lin uncle: You are not a Beijinger, you can not enjoy the benefits of "Royal City." Last winter, community hospitals organized old people to get flu shots. Uncle Lin saw the notice in the community bulletin boards and was rushing to line up in the early morning. It was only known to the seniors who had Beijing Hukou to play. “I’m not able to spend money on vaccines myself.” The staff member said that they must wait for the old people whose accounts in the community have finished before they can take turns with them.

In addition, he was unable to complete the old age certificate in Beijing. Even if he returned to his hometown, he did not recognize it in many places in Beijing. Buy an annual ticket for Beijing's major parks. The local senior citizens spend 50 yuan and the old people get 120 yuan. Uncle Lin’s house is a dormitory unit for the sons. The elderly activity room in the community is only open to retired employees in the area, and they are outside the door for elderly people like them. If you are old, you must be “discriminated.” Uncle Lin deeply feels that “here is not my home”. Over the years, the only requirement that Lin made to his son was to buy a house for them from his hometown. He would still have to return to his wife one day, although he was not sure when he would be able to live in the house.

Hukou Discrimination

For "old age drift", the hukou seems to be an insurmountable "threshold". “In a foreign land, if you don’t have a local account, you are destined to be a foreign person forever.” This has become their uncomfortable knot, making it difficult for them to enjoy some services in temporary accommodation and find it difficult to find a sense of belonging.

Professor Jiang Xiangqun of the Population and Development Research Center of Renmin University of China pointed out that according to the current system, policies for the elderly on medical care and welfare are all regional, and it is difficult for migrants to enjoy temporary accommodation. However, with the development of society, the elderly migrant population is on the rise, and new issues will be proposed for the welfare of inflows, community work, and development of public services. Prof. Jiang suggested that we accelerate the co-ordination of social security and social welfare policies for the elderly; pensions and medical insurance reimbursements should be gradually implemented across the country to create more convenience for the mobile elderly. Especially at the community and sub-district level, foreign seniors and local senior citizens should be treated equally and provide them with more practical services.

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