In order to systematically master the flotation practice of various ores, according to the characteristics of the surface properties of various minerals in the flotation and the effects and practical experience of the flotation reagents, it is practical to classify the minerals according to the floatability. This classification was first proposed by the former Soviet Union, Angelis (M·A·eǔreviec), and is divided into six categories.
(1) non-polar non-metallic minerals. Mainly in this category are graphite , natural sulfur , coal and talc , which have good natural hydrophobicity and can be well floated with a non-polar oil collector or with only a foaming agent.
(2) Natural metals and heavy metal sulfide ore. These are natural Au, Ag, Pt, Cu, minerals and sulfide minerals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, Sb, Mo, Bi. This kind of mineral has certain hydrophobicity when the surface is not oxidized by the material. It can be effectively collected by thio compound collectors (mainly xanthate and black medicine). The flotation method is to treat such minerals. The main method.
(3) Non-ferrous metal oxide minerals. Lead carbonates and sulfates of copper zinc, and the corresponding salts of other mineral acids containing oxygen, such as white lead, lead alum, calamine, malachite, gypsum, color wulfenite like fall into this category. This type of mineral can be floated with xanthate collector after vulcanization. Flotation can also be carried out by directly using fatty acids and their soaps without vulcanization.
(4) Polar salt minerals. The crystal lattice contains alkaline earth metal cations - calcium, magnesium , strontium , barium. The ionicity of the bonds on the crystal lattice of such minerals is strong and can be reacted with the collector anions without the cations on the activator lattice. It is easy to float with fatty acids. Mineral fall into this category are: scheelite, molybdenum, tungsten calcium mineral, apatite, phosphorite, fluorite, barite, calcite, chalk, magnesite and dolomite.
(5) an oxide, silicate, and aluminum salts. There are many such minerals, some of which have industrial value, and most of the minerals are discarded as gangue minerals during flotation. Most minerals have sufficiently pronounced phytoplankability when fatty acid type collectors or cationic collectors are present. However, the floatability of many minerals in such minerals is related to the presence or absence of foreign cations on the mineral surface. Therefore, the floatability of minerals is closely related to the conditions for the formation of minerals and the treatment of pulp before flotation. Mineral fall into this category are: silica, alumina, boehmite, gibbsite, zircon, rutile, molybdenum China, hematite, magnetite, cassiterite, titanium, iron, manganese soft ore, kyanite , andalusite, feldspar, spodumene, a variety of mica, sericite, kaolin, tourmaline, asbestos, chromite, beryl and so on.
(6) Soluble salts of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals These minerals can be floated in a saturated solution with a fatty acid or a cationic collector. The minerals that can be floated in this type of mineral are: sodium salt, potassium salt , magnesium vanadium , anhydrous potassium salt potassium magnesium vanadium.
This chapter will focus on the flotation practice of some ore.
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