“According to preliminary statistics for these decades, there are 200,000 or so ancient tombs that have been stolen in China.” Zhang Bai, the deputy director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and chairman of the China Ancient Ruins and Monuments Protection Association, answered questions from the Japan Television Association in July 2005. At the same time, grassroots archaeologists believe that such figures are still very conservative. Data personnel searched 100 archaeological discoveries from the ten archaeological discoveries in the country from 1997 to 2006. Among them, 21 were ancient tomb items. There were no clear data indicating that there were only three items that had been stolen. From such statistics, it can be shown that the stolen rate of the top ten archaeological tomb projects that have been selected in 10 years has reached 90%. This figure does not include ancient tombs connected to the site. For example, the stolen two-week site of Liangcheng Village in Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province included the cemetery of the Shu Kingdom in Zhou Dynasty.

The famous archeologist Li Boqian pointed out that according to incomplete statistics, the theft rate of our royal-class tombs was over 90%. They include the Yanguo cemetery in Fangshan Liuli River in Beijing, the Qiuguo cemetery in Sanmenxia, ​​Henan, the Jinhou cemetery in Houma, Shanxi, the Qiuguo cemetery and Zhougong cemetery in Hancheng, Shaanxi, and the Qiguo Guojun graveyard in Shandong. It is not just in China that the tomb is already an international disaster. This may be due to its excessively high profits. Houghton, a senior adviser to UNESCO, pointed out that the amount of cultural relics on the ground and underground in the world is second only to the high profits of the drugs and weapons trade. In China, India, and Egypt, where three major cultural relics are exported, China has almost everything that tomb fighters need in the global tombs. The exact statistics show that of the 218 museums in 47 countries, there are 1.63 million Chinese artifacts, and this number is only one-tenth of all private collections in the world. The loss of cultural relics from major cultural relics in China, Egypt and Greece is on the rise. In China, the proportion of stolen tombs is close to 100% in all the drained cultural relics in China.

Leading Word: This excavation scene is based on the imaginary drawings of the Hanwang Hou class tombs. The background is the “Yellow Wounds Minato” (referring to the structure in which the central part of the cypress wood is arranged in a certain direction) that is unique to the Wanghou Graves. At present, China only unearthed seven Han tombs from the Yellow Intestines. The inside of the temple is a tomb owner wearing a gold and jade jacket. The rest of the funerary objects are precious artifacts that were once excavated from the Han Dynasty tomb. When a robber thief robs a tomb, he or she usually shoots a burglar in the tomb that is closest to the main room. This kind of ripping and excavation is based on the scene of the theft of the Tomb of the King of Liu An, which was once selected for the ten major archaeological discoveries in 2006.

Why do they tomb? Tombs are ancient social cultural phenomena. The behavior of the tombs took place at the same time as people's initial burial of consumer goods and even the development of a thick burial. The spontaneous tomb behavior of the people can be seen over the ages. Wei Wendi Cao Yu said: "Since ancient times and today, there is no country that is not dead, nor is there a tomb to excavate." Emperor Jin Ren said: "Since ancient times and today, there are no immortal people and no tombs have been made." All pointed out the widespread phenomenon of the tomb. [detailed]

Leading Word: They are prisoners in the deep prison prisons, and they are also eager for overnight riches, urban unemployed people and laid-off workers, including a handful of drug addicts. They have a special title of "bitter" or "leg." If the tomb organization is likened to a sinister pyramid, then these front-line tomb raiders who once lived in the ancient tombs in the middle of nowhere were the foundation stone that supported this huge pyramid. Looking at the trajectory of dialogue with them, we revealed the tomb industrial chain with the largest system and the most complex class in Chinese history.

Pirates have "Doll"

Leading cows, Wu Ping, Zhang Guangfu, and Lao Ji are four criminals who have served more than ten years in prison. That day, light rain. In order to facilitate everyone and to relax the atmosphere of the conversation, I chose the way of collective dialogue. When the request for a “report” was answered by the cadres, four robbers in prison suits stood in front of me. At first glance, with the exception of the 49-year-old, the remaining three are plain-looking peasants. Three to one, this inadvertently appearing number corresponds exactly to the data display – the peasants have become the main force of the tombs.

It is purely accidental to select them as the subject of conversation. However, at the end of the conversation, I suddenly discovered that these people who had no intentions in the list of more than a dozen candidates exactly represented a complete unit of a tomb-based industrial chain.

It is very interesting to say that the tombs of the tombs have developed to the scale of industrialization like today's large industries. Culture is also like the bandits on Weihu Mountain, and the languages ​​and titles of Dao are still popular. The grotesque terms “hand eye”, “support pot”, “legs” and “bitter bitterness” are the titles and basic establishments of the basic industrial chain of the Tomb. The whole class of a tomb raid was collectively referred to as "a pot of children." The highest level in the pot was the "eyes of the palm," and it was also known as "big brother."

Big Brother is the soul of this “pot” and has the ability not only to find ancient tombs but also to identify cultural relics. They can either be collaborators who provide ancient tomb clues, or they can be primary purchasers who propose to buy out the “pit” unearthed cultural relics, or they can also concurrently serve as “bricks”.

"Plan" is the owner of every excavation and is also called a small boss. The funds and equipment invested in the early days of the tombs and the wages of the latter workers were all raised by him. Their input is risky. If the excavated artifacts are not bought out by the eye or the investor, they can only deal with it on their own.

"Legs" is a skilled worker in the tomb activities. Maturity and experience have made them mostly trusted by the boss. When the boss is not at the scene, "legs" have absolute authority.

The bottom line is "under the hardship" (work). "Under the pain" is a migrant worker and is called a coolie. In general, “Under Hardy” digging a tomb can only get a few hundred yuan or a thousand dollars, even if the boss’s income reaches 10 million. Social status relentlessly draws a sharp gap among gold diggers. “Legs” and “bitter” are usually all-embracing farmers. The incompatibility of information, knowledge, and social relations makes it difficult for them to overstep this invisible. The bottom of the ravine.

Closer to home.

As the "bitter bitter" of the morning cow is a peasant in Shanxi Yuncheng area, nearly 40 years old, he has a small and old, life is very reluctant to leave.

During the slack season, some people in the village often go outside to work. They said that it was a lot of people who had the ability to keep up with digging the grave. They earned a lot of money. After the autumn harvest, the township party, who had already experienced it, went out with the experienced township party.

Digging the tomb is not too hard. As long as you make an effort, you don't have to worry about anything. Sleeping during the day and working in the evening is a bit like a mole in the ground. It is this law that breaks the law.

The township party told him not to be afraid. The bosses generally had some relationships and could not do anything wrong. In case something goes wrong, even if the boss does not take the money to the level, as long as you do not hold artifacts in your hand, the court can not sentence you, at most, detention for ten days, and let it go.

The township party said it was good that the morning cow was really caught twice, and each time it was closed to the detention period. As a result, he began to boldly learn technology. If you can become a mechanic, you will not only earn more money than you do now. If you are lucky, you will run into an ancient tomb and the whole family will count on food and drink. Unfortunately, just after they had hollowed out an ancient tomb and stayed at the hotel, they had not even woken up and were immediately taken over by public security officers. He said that he was just an accomplice and that he did not hold artifacts in his hand and the court ruled injustice.

Zhang Guangfu is the youngest among the four people. "Legs" is also a nickname in his life. His reason is that he likes to eat various kinds of poultry legs. He loves to be clever and has 13 years of torture. However, he is innocently saying that he had torn the tomb once and for the first time. He was neither in the cultural relics protection area nor did he steal anything. He was embarrassed.

Only when faced alone, did I speak some truth. Tombs are generally selected during the slack season in autumn and winter. First, there are few people on the ground, and “work” (tombs) is not easy to find; the second is that the cold land is cold and the people are not in danger after the explosion. . Usually, stealing a tomb requires two or three laborers and one or two mechanics. The time is three to five days. It took at least two days to fry and dig, and "take the goods" overnight. Advanced positioning instruments and exploding means provide a quick method, but they cannot completely replace manpower. Therefore, “leg” and “bitter” will not be unemployed for a while.

Tombs are very bitter and dangerous. The wells that were blown out of the village in the township were very good. The morning cows were actually caught twice. Each time they were held in detention, they were released. As a result, he began to boldly learn technology. If you can become a mechanic, you will not only earn more money than you do now. If you are lucky, you will run into an ancient tomb and the whole family will count on food and drink. Unfortunately, just after they had hollowed out an ancient tomb and stayed at the hotel, they had not even woken up and were immediately taken over by public security officers. He said that he was just an accomplice and that he did not hold artifacts in his hand and the court ruled injustice.

Zhang Guangfu is the youngest among the four people. "Legs" is also the nickname in his life. His reason is that he likes to eat various kinds of poultry legs. [detailed]

The entire process from theft to being stolen to travel abroad

The whole system of the tomb-tomb industrial chain is: From the next bitterness and leg to steal artifacts from the tomb, they receive hardships ranging from several hundred to several thousand dollars due to different technical content; the people who employ them and invest in the entire demolition are called The palm, the palm eye, is a person with a relatively high technical content and plays a special role. They usually look for ancient tombs or know how to identify artifacts, and some are hired by support pots.

Some palms have strong funds at the same time, and they will purchase the cultural artifacts stolen from the entire tomb based on their own eyesight. The artifacts in the pot will usually enter the secondary cultural relics market; the price will not be very high; Pushing directly to Beijing's three-class cultural relics market, prices often rise by several dozen times. Some of the relics in the secondary market are smuggled out of the country directly by the buyers, while others go to the third-level cultural relics market. Some cultural relics in the third-level market are directly influenced by individuals. Collectors collect or resell them, and some go abroad through Hong Kong.

After many overseas businessmen's hand-downs, the cultural relics will eventually reach the hands of the antique dealers, and the artifacts that have reached this level have been washed away with all the danger signals. They have been speculative, auctioned and eventually collected by top collectors. The transaction price of the cultural relics was more than 10,000 times more than the original price. It is extremely difficult for the cultural relics to be recovered and the tomb robbers will remain at large.

Lead: History has buried live records in places we can't see at a glance, looking at us desperately. The robbery, like the virus in the computer, plundered the artifacts and drastically deleted all the memory symbols. An ancient land everywhere, tombs swept across the tomb. We have selected three cases, namely Wuyuan in Chongqing, Bowl reef in Fujian Province and Lantian in Shaanxi Province. It shows that the current tomb has evolved into an unprecedented wild war, and it is also a catastrophe of Chinese history and artifacts.

Crazy Tombs are now going on

When the first explosion accompanied the shocks and awakened the villagers from their sleep, many people thought that the earthquake had run out of their homes. Later, terrible things took place one after another: strangers in twos and threes continued to appear in the fields; in the middle of the night, the sound of explosions in the fields of the village’s east heads; when water was poured into the fields, it was discovered that the water flowing into the ground mysteriously Disappeared; then later, the sharp gunfire came from the night sky? ?
In the summer of 2004, the majestic robbery took a prelude in Liangdai Village, a suburb of Hancheng, Shaanxi Province, in an unprecedented warfare.

The villager Liang Puhui is a tall and strong man. He has two brightly glowing daughters and a virtuous wife. It is his own idea to join the villager patrol team. Since the old ancestors buried good things in the underground, he has the responsibility to protect them, like defending his own family.

Every night, he and teammates patrol in shifts. It wasn't the first night or the second half of the night. Therefore, he only had to sleep for half an hour. When the corn grows to one person high, only to hear the sound of an explosion, that is, people and burglars can not be found, the patrol can only line up, hold a flashlight line by line to search the ground.

In less than two months, they had suffered a total of more than a dozen organized and planned gang robbers. The patrolling team of Liangdai Village performed their duty with the support of the public security officers and caused the thieves to return empty-handed.

Sun Bingjun, Archeological Team Leader, recalled that when he first came to Liangdai, the tomb thief followed you. Every night he had to come to a few puffs. The explosions continued all around him. He did not have the courage to retreat.

Lao Liang and his family received threats from tomb raiders, accompanied by money incentives. Lao Liang’s decision is that families, children, responsibilities, and integrity cannot be lost!

This land is where he lived for generations. It not only links the blood of his ancestors, but also the courage and dignity of a good man to defend the earth. During the year before the implementation of the military command, hundreds of robbers across the country visited this little-known village. The villagers and the sleeping earth have deeply felt the wild search under the seal. Why are thieves so crazy?

Huge economic interests have opened the mystery. What survived was the cemetery of the nobility and poor people of over 800 tombs in two weeks (the territory of Liang Shuguo in the ancient history record).

The isolated orphaned case of China’s successful protection against robber tombs was once again revealed to the world in a shocking manner. The most tomb of tombs in the history of Chinese robberies was in progress.

Three Gorges site group

Not all villagers, like those in Liangdai Village, can spontaneously form patrols to protect ancient tombs. The Three Gorges site complex is a counterexample, where tombs are frequent and almost insane. According to statistics, the entire Three Gorges Project involved a total of more than 2,000 sites, of which more than 700 were protected sites. Archaeologists who conducted rescue excavations here frankly stated that there are no survivors of the Three Gorges site.

Standing on the edge of the Yangtze River, the sound of the river flapping on the embankment and the whistle of the vessel, accompanied by the greenery of the mountains, make people feel relaxed and happy. Here I got acquainted with Hercules Liu Youliang. He waved a Luoyang shovel to drill on the Xiajiang River. Every time he took a shovel, because the soil was very sticky and it was hard to remove. He also used his feet to clean up the earth that was not clean in the shovel. But Liu Youliang was very patient. Meticulous.

Because the exploratory shovel is his eyes, he was able to know whether the subterranean earth, which was more than ten meters deep, had been disturbed by the earth brought up.

He has been to the Yujia River archaeological site in Wanzhou, Sichuan Province for more than a month. He has set a daily record of hitting four or five hundred shovels every day (most people can only hit forty or fifty shovels with the same weight of Luoyang shovel). The invented Luoyang shovel robber duck will never think that 100 years later, some people will use his invention so extreme.

However, Liu Youliang never thought that he was not far away from the village of Xiufeng in Wuxia town. Some people had more “strength” than him, and the dynamism of finding the tomb was even more astonishing. The three brothers of the Sin Brothers were busy in the fields of responsibility and started digging the earth with shovels and shovels. It was like building a house to dig foundations until it was dug into a deep pit. When the villagers pass through here, they are always curious about what they do.

Boss Xinyuxiang replied: "Dig the fish ponds." However, after digging aside, they backfilled the soil into the pits, and then deep-dip the other half like a sieve. Later, in the same yard, digging was done using the same method. After digging, the yard was digged into the front room and digged again, until the entire site was completely tossed.

Although the three brothers did not know that a tomb robber named Li Duck had already invented the Luoyang shovel, it was able to penetrate the ancient tomb in the ground and it was not necessary to dug and dig it; it was not known that the Wu Gorge area was a business and a week. The tombs of the Qin and Han dynasties were concentrated, but none of the masters unearthed five or six ancient tombs in just a few dozen days. [detailed]

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