Liu Xianhui (Heilongjiang Province Haofeng Seed Industry Co., Ltd.)

In recent years, the province has planted more than 3.53 million hectares of corn per year, and the quality of corn grain is an important issue related to the sustainable and healthy development of corn production in our province; it also relates to whether there are corn commodity grain in the domestic and international markets in our province. The key issues of competitiveness and the economic benefits of corn production. With China's accession to the World Trade Organization, maize production in our province is facing new opportunities and challenges. How to improve the quality of corn products in our province under the new circumstances and improve the competitiveness of the corn market. This article will put forward some personal views on the above issues. And opinions.

1 Problems in corn production in our province

1.1 There is still a small amount of planting phenomenon of corn varieties. Our province is located in high latitudes and high-cold areas. Early frost and early frost phenomena occur in the early stage. For example, on September 14, 1999, there was a frost phenomenon in most parts of the province. This morning frost was about 7 days earlier than the average annual frost age in the southern part of our province, such as Harbin, making corn in most parts of our province, especially in the central and southern regions. Most of them did not reach normal maturity, resulting in a more prominent phenomenon of “water corn” in our province; according to a survey conducted by the Maize Research Center of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences on September 28, 1999, the 9 was in Shuangcheng, Hulan, Suihua and other places. The water content was 39.7%, 42.6% and 47.7%, respectively. The three regions represent the upper limit of the first accumulated temperature zone in our province, the middle and lower limits of the first accumulated temperature zone, and the upper limit of the second accumulated temperature zone. It can be seen that the level of heat resources in different regions is corn. The main limiting factors for the level of grain moisture during harvest. Corn kernels with water content as high as 40% or more have poor color appearance, few inclusions, low bulk density and poor product quality. The main reason for this phenomenon is that part of the province, especially in the central and southern regions, has planted late-maturing and late-maturing varieties such as Jilin and Liaoning as one of the main measures for high yield, causing the first accumulated temperature zone to be planted in Changchun. The unscientific practice of planting corn varieties and the first accumulated temperature zone maize varieties in the second accumulated temperature zone has formed the situation that the local average annual effective accumulated temperature does not reach the accumulated temperature required for the actual cultivation of corn varieties; this phenomenon and results must inevitably cause maize in our province. There is a greater risk of production, resulting in corn not fully mature in low temperature, early frost years, making corn kernels with high water content, less inclusions, low dry weight and bulk density, poor color appearance of seeds, greatly reducing the quality of commodities, making me The province's maize market has poor competitiveness and farmers' benefits for corn production have declined.

1.2 The variety structure is not reasonable

Over the years, the phenomenon of heavy production and light quality of corn production in our province has been prominent, which has reduced the commodity rate and competitiveness as a bulk agricultural product in the market economy. In corn production, there are problems of unreasonable product structure and low product quality. At present, corn production in our province is basically normal corn. Because quality is not suitable for special purposes, it often causes pressure storage and low economic benefits. The market is selling well and has high economic benefits. It is suitable for high-quality special corn for food processing and industrial processing, such as sweet corn, Waxy corn, high-oil corn, high-starch corn, and so on, lead to an oversupply of common corn, and high-quality special-purpose corn is in short supply. At present, the corn starch processing enterprises in our province are developing rapidly, and there is a large demand for high-starch corn, and there are few high-starch corn varieties grown in production.

1.3 Less advanced cultivation techniques, high corn production costs

At present, corn production in our province has the problems of excessively low planting density, unscientific fertilization methods, unreasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, low fertilizer utilization, and poor fertilizer efficiency. In order to increase the yield and increase the total output, individual regions and farmers have not hesitated to invest in agricultural production materials such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural machinery, leading to increased production costs and lower input-output ratios. In addition, the province's corn production is mainly based on family production of households, the production scale is small, the level of mechanization is low, and the production cost is high.

1.4 Problems in the process of corn storage and storage

Due to the failure to fully implement the preferential policy for high-quality corn grain during the actual corn purchase process, the enthusiasm of farmers for producing high-quality corn has been frustrated to a certain extent; in addition, the detection equipment and means of high-quality special-purpose corn have lagged behind, resulting in even high-quality special production for farmers. Corn can not be detected in time, so high quality and price policy is difficult to reflect. At the same time, because of the corn harvesting process in our province, farmers are limited in equipment and conditions such as drying and threshing, and there are many foreign matters in the corn commodity grain. The phenomenon of mixing and storage of different types of corn commodity grain also reduces the quality of corn commodity grain in our province.

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